Copyright © Brad M. Baker
All Rights Reserved
June 4th 2023
Intro: This article can answer questions and explain how things could have happened in a way that is both Old Earth Creation for the first three days, possibly four days, and Young Earth Creation for the remainder of the six day creation without violating what Genesis 1 says as a literal interpretation.
How would you explain to someone a few questions like:
1 How the Sun, Moon and Milky Way being created on the fourth day; and after the earth brought forth grass, the herb that yields seed according to its kind, and the tree that yields fruit, whose seed is in itself according to its kind on the third day.…?
2 Dinosaur fossils have been found on every continent of Earth, including Antarctica…?
3 How they found a pre historic Mammoth frozen with vegetation in its mouth in the Arctic…?
1 How this article is to be interpreted will be based on a few things that I will mention right here before I get started. 2 I have not settled on this position yet but I do lean to it and if I see others take a hold on it I would most likely take a stronger position on it with confirmation from others. 3 But for now I will merely present another way for the Genesis Creation to be consider rather than a literal 24 hour period of the first four days. 4 The first four days were not regulated by time as we know it so one rotation of the Earth will constitute one day so the amount of time in hours is not considered until the fifth day begins when the Earth was fully regulated to a 24 hour rotation of the Earth. 5 I will be try to work with the things we know available to us and line them up and fit them with scripture. 6 It all starts in the first four days before the Sun, Moon and Milky Way were created and the Earth only had plant life on it while getting its source of light from somewhere else other than the Sun. 7 How days were measured before that and what light was created to measure the first four days we do not know. 8 Maybe there was a massive transition within the galaxy or universe that stirred things up.
Genesis 1:14 Then God said, “Let there be lights in the firmament of the heavens to divide the day from the night; and let them be for signs and seasons, and for days and years; 15 and let them be for lights in the firmament of the heavens to give light on the earth”; and it was so. 16 Then God made two great lights: the greater light to rule the day, and the lesser light to rule the night. He made the stars also. 17 God set them in the firmament of the heavens to give light on the earth, 18 and to rule over the day and over the night, and to divide the light from the darkness. And God saw that it was good. 19 So the evening and the morning were the fourth day.
9 In 2 Peter 3:8 it says that one day with the Lord is as a thousand years, and a thousand years as one day. 10 A thousands meaning a very long time which could have been much longer than a literal thousand years, Peter was relating that to the present Heavens and the Earth.
2 Peter 3:5 for this is unobserved by them willingly, that the heavens were of old, and the earth out of water and through water standing together by the word of God,
6 through which the then world, by water having been deluged, was destroyed;
7 and the present heavens and the earth, by the same word are treasured, for fire being kept to a day of judgment and destruction of the impious men.
17 I will avoid the pit falls of those who teach one day represents a thousand years and we are about to enter into a thousand years of Sabbath rest in a New Heaven and Earth. 18 As well as the first four days having a 24 hour limit for each day and night cycle which is the most common view and accepted within Christendom.
19 Foundational Doctrine:
1. Adam was THE FIRST human being on planet earth.
2. There were NO other human beings on the planet before Adam.
3. Both Adam and Eve were NOT BORN from pre-existing human parents.
4. Eve was MADE FROM A RIB taken from Adam’s rib-cage. She was not born from pre-existing human parents.
5. The Flood of Noah’s day WAS a global flood, and not merely a local flood
The History of Creation of six days taken from the Septuagint Bible in English:
1st Day of Biblical Creation:
Genesis 1:1 In the beginning God made the heaven and the earth.
2 But the earth was unsightly and unfurnished, and darkness was over the deep, and the Spirit of God moved over the water.
20 After God created the Heavens and Earth from nothing, the Earth was covered with water that must have been frozen with God’s Spirit moving over it until there was light with a source of heat like a star or what we know as the Sun. 21 The Sun, Moon and Milky Way were not created yet, nor was there any light until God said let there be light.
Genesis 1:3 And God said, Let there be light, and there was light.
22 God could have made a star to Super Nova which caused half of the Earth to melt the frozen water very rapidly while most of the other side stayed frozen from the outer edges where the light shined. 23 This star could have been the biggest star out there that could have been a billions times bigger than our Sun and the Earth could have been tide locked for much longer days. 24 For example: For extrasolar planets very close to their host stars — about one-tenth Mercury’s distance from the Sun — this gravitational pull eventually tidally locks the rotation, and the length of the planet’s day ends up equal to the length of its year. 25 One of the biggest star in the universe (that we know of), UY Scuti is a variable hyper-giant with a radius around 1,700 times larger than the radius of the sun. To put that in perspective, the volume of almost 5 billion suns could fit inside a sphere the size of UY Scuti.
26 Can you just imagine the Earth having a star like UY Scuti or any other big star out there and having the Earth to be as far away as Pluto is to us in order for the Earth to be at the right distance for life to begin. 27 Can you imagine how long it would take to orbit around UY Scuti and if the earth was orbiting around it and was tide locked as well.
28 Eris is the most massive and second-largest known dwarf planet in the Solar System that takes 558 years to rotate around the Sun;Eris was discovered in January 2005 by a Palomar Observatory. Pluto takes 248 years to rotate around the Sun.
29 How much older is the universe than our solar system; It’s been around for 13.8 billion years, give or take a few hundred million; That means the Universe is three times older than our Solar System. Astronomers think the Milky Way, is about 13.2 billion years old; almost as old as the Universe itself.
Genesis 1:4 And God saw the light that it was good, and God divided between the light and the darkness.
30 As the Earth’s dust and gases swirled causing a gravitational pull it caused the Earth to move very slowly and rotate; as well as the Earth orbiting around a star.
31 The first day may have been a very long time because the Earth had not yet been regulated with time as we now know it with a rotation of 365 days rotating around the Sun until the fourth day with the Earth spinning around within a 24 hour period of time.
Genesis 1:5 And God called the light Day, and the darkness he called Night, and there was evening and there was morning, the first day.
2nd Day of Biblical Creation:
Genesis 1:6 And God said, Let there be a firmament in the midst of the water, and let it be a division between water and water, and it was so.
7 And God made the firmament, and God divided between the water which was under the firmament and the water which was above the firmament.
8 And God called the firmament Heaven, and God saw that it was good, and there was evening and there was morning, the second day.
32 After the Earth finally made a complete rotation for both sides to have a star shine on it, God called in a day and night. 33 The first day may have been a very long time for the Earth to make one rotation, as we know it takes 24 hours to because the Earth had not been regulated yet by rotating around the Sun which was created on the fourth day into a 24 hour period.
34 Only God would have known where the Earth was in universe the first three or four days to received its light from and when it moved into the Milky Way; and how long it would take for a day and night cycle before the Sun, Moon and Milky Way were created. 35 The rotation around the Earth and its rotation around a source of light such as a star caused the water to evaporate into the air into a mist, so it would have had to be close enough to a star for it to be warm enough to do that. 36 Half of the Earth could have been in an Ice Age as it slowly rotated to melt while the other half was hot enough for its water to evaporate into the air into clouds and return in a mist.
Genesis 1:9 And God said, Let the water which is under the heaven be collected into one place, and let the dry land appear, and it was so. And the water which was under the heaven was collected into its places, and the dry land appeared.
10 And God called the dry land Earth, and the gatherings of the waters he called Seas, and God saw that it was good.
3rd Day of Biblical Creation:
Genesis 1:11 And God said, Let the earth bring forth the herb of grass bearing seed according to its kind and according to its likeness, and the fruit-tree bearing fruit whose seed is in it, according to its kind on the earth, and it was so.
12 And the earth brought forth the herb of grass bearing seed according to its kind and according to its likeness, and the fruit tree bearing fruit whose seed is in it, according to its kind on the earth, and God saw that it was good.
13 And there was evening and there was morning, the third day.
37 God let the Earth begin forth plant life in the areas where the temperature was suitable for growth such as a twilight zone as the other areas could have been to hot or frozen. 38 As the Earth slowly rotated, parts of the outer edges that would go into the night were frozen, while at the other side frozen things thawed out for growth of plant life while the Earth was still in an Ice Age on the dark half of the Earth and being to hot on the day side.
39 This whole process could have allowed for the beginning of the evolution of animal life to be formed in stem cells etc. before God let them come forth. 40 This process carried on into and during most of the forth day.
41 Tidal locking – Wikipedia About 50 billion years from now; If the Moon and Earth could somehow avoid the eventual death of the Sun ― the Moon would be so far away, and its orbit so large, that Earth would also tidally lock to the Moon. For a tidally locked planet there is no day and night, only constant freezing and darkness on one side and burning constant sunlight on the other. The terminator zone is bathed in constant twilight and would likely be the only place on the planet to be potentially hospitable.
42 Dinosaur fossils have been found on every continent of Earth, including Antarctica but most of the dinosaur fossils and the greatest variety of species have been found high in the deserts and badlands of North America, China and Argentina.
43 If there were dinosaurs created on the third day God probably did not tell Moses that because they would have been extinct by then and their bones would have been buried in the crust of the Earth; Why would God mention that would He did not even tells us how Angels were created; I believe God only wanted to reveal what people could understand instead of telling them about big creatures that roamed the Earth when at the time could not be proven.
44 Genesis 11-13 only mentions plant life on the third day but that may have been the time when dinosaurs lived and then went extinct (at the end of the Cretaceous Period), after living on Earth for about 165 million years; as some scientist say which could be true if the first four days were tidal locked. 45 During the fourth day if there was a massive transition in the universe that could have been about 65 million years ago in time as we know it because the fourth day probably was not regulated right at the start of the day, it could have taken a very long time for the whole process to be completed. 46 But as Jesus said it is not for us to know times and seasons for only the Father knows them.
Acts 1:77 And He said to them, “It is not for you to know times or seasons which the Father has put in His own authority.
4th Day of Biblical Creation:
Genesis 1:14 And God said, Let there be lights in the firmament of the heaven to give light upon the earth, to divide between day and night, and let them be for signs and for seasons and for days and for years.
15 And God said, Let there be lights in the firmament of the heaven to give light upon the earth, to divide between day and night, and let them be for signs and for seasons and for days and for years.
16 And God made the two great lights, the greater light for regulating the day and the lesser light for regulating the night, the stars also.
17 And God placed them in the firmament of the heaven, so as to shine upon the earth,
18 and to regulate day and night, and to divide between the light and the darkness. And God saw that it was good.
19 And there was evening and there was morning, the fourth day.
47 God finally made the Sun, Moon as the Milky Way was expanding for time be regulated into time as we have know it since Adam and Eve with the creation of the Sun and Moon on the fourth day. 48 The Earth may not necessarily gone into an instant 24 hour cycle right away and this was after the earth brought forth grass, the herb that yields seed according to its kind, and the tree that yields fruit, whose seed is in itself according to its kind on the third day. 49 The Earth being created before the Milky Way, most likely moved in a massive transition within the universe to the Milky Way very slowly. 50 While picking up speed generated by the dust and gases which forms a gravitational pull that gained momentum as time went along until it settled to a 24 hour speed cycle for one rotation. 51 As the Earth fell into position with the Sun and Moon after something like another planet collided with the Earth to form the Moon. 52 With the Earth constantly growing there may have been a slight difference as to the exact amount of time a rotation would take compared to the first three days because everything has an effect and size what determine the speed.
53 During the third and part of the fourth day could have been what we call The ‘Age of Dinosaurs’ (the Mesozoic Era) when dinosaurs roamed; and later on the Neanderthals existed that would slowly begin to become extinct. 54 I do not believe that the Neanderthals evolved into humans, but they could have breed with humans that could have produced the Nephilim. 55 God made Adam as the first human being, and in no way a Neanderthal man though similar like a killer whale and a dolphin are. 56 I believe God allowed somethings like the moth turning into a cocoon and then a butterfly but in rare exceptions which shows us how miraculous God is and nothing is beyond His ability to do if He wills to do them.
57 Another thing to consider is that because the Earth had been growing, if another flood like Noah time were to happen now there might not be enough water above in the clouds to flood the Earth completely like it would have in the times of Noah.
5th Day of Biblical Creation:
Genesis 1:20 And God said, Let the waters bring forth reptiles having life, and winged creatures flying above the earth in the firmament of heaven, and it was so.
21 And God made great whales, and every living reptile, which the waters brought forth according to their kinds, and every creature that flies with wings according to its kind, and God saw that they were good.
22 And God blessed them saying, Increase and multiply and fill the waters in the seas, and let the creatures that fly be multiplied on the earth.
23 And there was evening and there was morning, the fifth day.
58 Once the Earth was in a regular 24 hour rotation cycle things began to evolve rapidly in the waters and air that already had the stem cells, eggs or whatever, formed with life in the Earth ready to be let released when the conditions were right. 59 This was the new form of life what was prepared from the previous days of creation being released because the condition was right and ready as the Earth was in its proper rotation and equalizing the temperatures around the world for life to exist. 60 Gravity also could have changed with the spin of the Earth making things change for life’s they are, compared to The ‘Age of Dinosaurs’ (the Mesozoic Era). 61 The gravity could have effected a heavy dinosaurs and other creatures bring them to the ground with unbearable weight to withstand the gravitational pull that the earth could have produced by spinning much faster than the first three days and part or most of the forth day. 63 What God did in the fifth day does not necessarily mean that God was finished allowing the Earth to bring forth this new creation. 64 It could have carried on for centuries while most of the Neanderthals were long gone before Adam was created, some may have still been around to cross breed with that could have produced the Nephilim who were giants. 65 The Neanderthals have a long evolutionary history and this is what scientist say but do we really know if this is true and how did the Nephilim come into being.
66 Genesis 6 mentions there were giants in the land and Sons of God could have been created after Adam was, from the dust of the Earth.
6th Day of Biblical Creation:
Genesis 1:24 And God said, Let the earth bring forth the living creature according to its kind, quadrupeds and reptiles and wild beasts of the earth according to their kind, and it was so.
25 And God made the wild beasts of the earth according to their kind, and cattle according to their kind, and all the reptiles of the earth according to their kind, and God saw that they were good.
67 The same process that was going on in the fifth day could have continued many years as well as the sixth day and possibly beyond into centuries from the sixth day of Creation.
Genesis 2:26 And God said, Let us make man according to our image and likeness, and let them have dominion over the fish of the sea, and over the flying creatures of heaven, and over the cattle and all the earth, and over all the reptiles that creep on the earth.
27 And God made man, according to the image of God he made him, male and female he made them.
68 The Neanderthals would not have been created in God’s image like Adam and Eve were to begin with but the Nephilim could have been considered men if they were a cross breed between Neanderthals and Humans. 69 I believe God made Adam and Eve as the first creatures into His image and that was done on the sixth day what happened after that displeased God and God destroyed life on the Earth except for Noah and his family etc.
70 I previously had not come to a solid conclusion or take a stand on any of this. 71 I was merely presenting it as a framework for which now after editing this I can help but see it any other way though what I presented were assumptions that filled the gaps within the scriptures so that they would not violate God’s word by radically re-writing scripture making God’s creation to mean something else other than a literal Biblical Creation for a Worldview of Creation.
Neanderthals:
72 This is from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia and what they have to say as if they really know and to have witnessed God’s Creation but it is interesting to note that they mention Neanderthals interbred with non-African modern humans.
73 The physical traits of Homo sapiens include a high and rounded (‘globular’) braincase, and a relatively narrow pelvis. Measurement of our braincase and pelvic shape can reliably separate a modern human from a Neanderthal – their fossils exhibit a longer, lower skull and a wider pelvis. Neanderthals and modern humans belong to the same genus (Homo) and inhabited the same geographic areas in western Asia for 30,000–50,000 years; genetic evidence indicate while they interbred with non-African modern humans, they ultimately became distinct branches of the human family tree (separate species). Fossil evidence suggests that a Neanderthal ancestor may have traveled out of Africa into Europe and Asia. There, the Neanderthal ancestor evolved into Homo neanderthalensis some 400,000 to 500,000 years ago. The human ancestor remained in Africa, evolving into our own species—Homo sapiens.
Genesis 2:7 And God formed the man dust of the earth, and breathed upon his face the breath of life, and the man became a living soul.
Genesis 2:21 And God brought a trance upon Adam, and he slept, and he took one of his ribs, and filled up the flesh instead thereof.
74 Here is an interesting thing about ribs:
FACTS OF CREATION
The RIB has the richest amount of stem cells in all the bones of the body.
One can create a genetic human being from a single rib.
However, one type of stem cell is missing from the bone marrow of the rib…the stem cell that makes the placenta…coincidence? Eve did not need a placenta since she was not conceived by a mother.
Scientists often mock the creation story by saying man should have less ribs if Eve took one yet they have the same amount. To counter this, one must know that the RIB is the ONLY bone in the body to grow back when removed.
By comparison, rib bones show an unusual capacity to regrow and repair themselves even when a large portion is damaged. Previous research suggests that the connective tissue around the ribs helps to support and co-ordinate bone healing.
75 After Cain killed his brother Able that would have left 24 ribs in the dust of the Earth for God to use if He choose to create the Sons of God mentioned in Genesis 6 or simply by the same method as Adam was created by just the dust from the Earth.
Conclusion:
76 This Genesis Creation of the Balanced OEC & YEC Worldview is a balance of the Old Earth Creation and Young Earth Creation while remaining strictly within the Bibles limits, and does not drift off into typology for the New Creation in the unseen Spiritual realm for the New Heaven and Earth. 77 I see that the first four days before the Sun and Moon were created are open for a deeper look into whether they were Old Earth Creation OEC but not the last two days and possibly the forth day that were definite Young Earth Creation YEC when the Earth definitely had a 24 hour cycle for days and nights. 75 I see that where non believers use the word evolution could be what God’s word says LET the water and the Earth bring forth.
78 For all we know the Earth could have been from another galaxy in the universe in the beginning of time with dinosaurs on it that got frozen in time that stood still and were part of another planet that went through a black hole or just a massive transition maybe from a super nova close by. 79 Then a Young Earth Creation view YEC could have started when the Earth began to rotate, and even then the days could have been very long hours until they were regulated on the fourth day.
80 This is why I will not take an absolute firm stand on any view though I lean this way for these things within a Biblical Creation Worldview and believe they should be considered. 81 But it all comes down to what Jesus said just before He ascended into Heaven in:
Acts 1:7 And He said to them, “It is not for you to know times or seasons which the Father has put in His own authority.
82 What is really miraculous to me is how Moses the writer of the five books in the Bible especially in Genesis 1 writes it in a way that leaves room for scientific evidence with their theories and proven facts to fill the gaps in Genesis 1 so perfectly. 83 So many will write it off because it would effect their conscience and loyalty to God in their own way be having to assume God created everything instantly within a 24 hour day for all six days. 84 If Moses would have written it any differently, then there would be a problem with it. 85 One thing that doesn’t seem to fit is with the dinosaurs in the third day theory when Earth could have been in another solar system until the fourth day. 86 Then God changed things around so that time could be regulated perfectly for balanced life and our existence. 87 One way to explain it to get around it like I mentioned before, is that God didn’t mention it to Moses because at the time there was no proof or evidence that dinosaurs even existed. 88 No one on the Earth at the time Moses wrote Genesis and for centuries later probably would not have even thought about dinosaurs with the evidence of their bones buried in the ground etc. 89 It would be like God telling Moses all the details on how Angels came into existence, being Spirited beings and being in the unseen realm, which is something God chose not to reveal.
90 Noah’s Flood:
This article is from Creation 21(3):49, June 1999
Noah’s Flood covered the whole earth
The Bible clearly teaches that the Flood of Noah’s day was global
Many Christians today think the Flood of Noah’s time was only a local flood, confined to somewhere around Mesopotamia. This idea comes not from Scripture, but from the notion of ‘billions of years’ of Earth history.
But look at the problems this concept involves:
If the Flood was local, why did Noah have to build an Ark? He could have walked to the other side of the mountains and missed it.
If the Flood was local, why did God send the animals to the Ark so they would escape death? There would have been other animals to reproduce that kind if these particular ones had died.
If the Flood was local, why was the Ark big enough to hold all kinds of land vertebrate animals that have ever existed? If only Mesopotamian animals were aboard, the Ark could have been much smaller.
If the Flood was local, why would birds have been sent on board? These could simply have winged across to a nearby mountain range.
If the Flood was local, how could the waters rise to 15 cubits (8 meters) above the mountains (Genesis 7:20)? Water seeks its own level. It couldn’t rise to cover the local mountains while leaving the rest of the world untouched.
If the Flood was local, people who did not happen to be living in the vicinity would not be affected by it. They would have escaped God’s judgment on sin. If this happened, what did Christ mean when He likened the coming judgment of all men to the judgment of ‘all’ men (Matthew 24:37–39) in the days of Noah? A partial judgment in Noah’s day means a partial judgment to come.
If the Flood was local, God would have repeatedly broken His promise never to send such a flood again.
Belief in a world-wide Flood, as Scripture clearly indicates, has the backing of common sense, science, and Christ Himself.
“End Quotes”
This is why the flood in Noah time was a world wide flood which CC says was a local flood; And for the Flat Earth’s, if there was an Ice Wall it wouldn’t have reached as high as Mt. Ararat and flowed right over the edge by at least a 804 foot flow rate over the top of Mount Vinson in Antarctica’s so-called Ice Wall.
Genesis 8:4 Then the ark rested in the seventh month, the seventeenth day of the month, on the mountains of Ararat. 5 And the waters decreased continually until the tenth month. In the tenth month, on the first day of the month, the tops of the mountains were seen.
Greater Ararat is the highest peak in Turkey and the Armenian Highland with an elevation of 5,137 m (16,854 ft); Little Ararat’s elevation is 3,896 m (12,782 ft) …
Mount Vinson is the highest peak in Antarctica, at 4,892 metres (16,050 ft). … It lies in the north part of Vinson Massif’s summit plateau in the south portion …
How much water do you think the Earth holds now and what if 95% of it was in the firmament before the flood and the Earth did not have the depths that the oceans have now until after the flood …?
What if the earth was much smaller before the flood and the eastern hemisphere and western hemisphere were not separated at the time but after the flood it caused the Earth to change into what it is now because of the weight of the water from the flood that was on the earth which also helped the water to recede at a fast rate like it did in Genesis 8.
After you read Beyond Creation Science chapter 7-9 you will see how most of it is in trying to prove that all of God’s judgments were just local therefore in AD70 God’s judgment was only about Jerusalem being destroyed along with the temple.
The Great Flood Debate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111
The Flood and Prophecy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129
Water and Fire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151
The Judgment in AD70 was by far more about not what happened to Jerusalem being destroyed along with the temple but it was about the resurrection of the just and the unjust from the whole world from Adam to AD70. Except those who were resurrected in the first resurrect of those who were blessed to be the first fruits of Israel and those who were the first fruits who had the Spirit.
There was no destruction of the rest of the world in AD70 but the whole creation was delivered out from the bondage of corruption of Adam’s sin and death. Life was reset with the restoration of all things which was the Tenfold Grand Ultimate Jubilee that ended Daniel’s 70 weeks. This is where Covenant Creation fails to see because they only see the whole creation as God’s covenant people and not the whole creation of the world. In there view nothing changes for the rest of the world but Romans 8:20-22 is clear that the whole creation of the world would be adopted out of the family of Adam into the family of God and the whole creation would receive a Spiritual body for the afterlife. The Collective Body View which the Covenant Creationist stand by does not acknowledge a Spiritual Redemptive Individual body that each person will receive but credit the resurrection to a change of mind and change of times where the Old Covenant vanished away which it did but the resurrection of the dead was not about those thing the first century all ready had.
91 This next part will be filled with information at random that are not based in the scriptures, but as coming from the scientific theories along with evidences they have that are proven facts. 92 They all could have been a possibility in the first four days for a Old Earth Creation. 93 While the fifth and sixth days were Young Earth Creation with the consideration that was ongoing for awhile after with the Earth bring forth things as God made them.
“.
Additional Information about the Universe:
94 Have you ever wondered why dinosaurs were so big?
by Stephen Hurrel Quote:
One of the most enduring mysteries about the dinosaurs is their massive size. The largest dinosaurs were several times the mass of the largest Elephant. It wasn’t just dinosaurs that were massive on the ancient Earth, there were giant insects and plants that were all much larger than we would expect. In this world of giants all life was shifted towards a larger size.
Calculations indicate that the dinosaurs’ bones, muscles and ligaments were too weak to support such massive animals, unless something dramatic had changed.
In 1987, I realized my engineering knowledge of scale effects on structures revealed a startling answer to this mystery of the dinosaurs’ massive size: an ancient reduced gravity.
A reduced gravity would make life lighter, so all land-based life could increase in scale with seemingly weak bones, muscles and ligaments. A reduced gravity explains life’s large size during the dinosaurs’ time.
This theory allowed me to calculate that dinosaurs’ gravity would need to be about half the present force of gravity to explain their large size – a truly astonishing conclusion.
Among a number of possible reasons I considered for this reduced gravity was the prospect that the ancient Earth was much smaller in diameter and mass to create a Reduced Gravity Earth.
At first it seemed unlikely that the ancient Earth could have been so small during the dinosaurs’ time, but I soon discovered that a number of geologists had already proposed that the ancient Earth was smaller in diameter, later expanding over hundreds of millions of years until it reached its present size. Their reasoning had nothing to do with dinosaurs: it was based purely on geological evidence. This is commonly known as the Expanding Earth theory and a number of geologists are still promoting and refining this theory today.
Based on their geological evidence the geologists propose that the ancient Earth was about the same size predicted by the Reduced Gravity Earth. Both theories predict the same astonishing conclusion using completely different reasoning and evidence.
I published all these conclusions in the first edition of my book, Dinosaurs and the Expanding Earth, and the original concepts in the book have now received praise and support from a number of people. The book was most recently updated for a third edition in 2011 and is widely available.
This web site is an additional resource to the book and allows a convenient method to provide other useful information, like suggestions for further reading and the latest news.
End Quote
95 In 1677, Robert Plot is credited with discovering the first dinosaur bone, but his best guess as to what it belonged to was a giant human. It wasn’t until William Buckland, the first professor of geology at Oxford University, that a dinosaur fossil was correctly identified for what it was.
96 In the beginning the surface of the Earth was extremely hot, because the Earth as we know it is the product of a collision between two planets, a collision that also created the Moon. Most of the heat within the very young Earth was lost quickly to space while the surface was still quite hot.
97 The sun’s output in its early years was 25 to 30 per cent lower than it is today. That translates into an average surface temperature of the early Earth some 20 degrees cooler – about 10 degrees below water’s freezing point.
98 Earth has experienced cold periods (informally referred to as “ice ages,” or “glacials”) and warm periods (“interglacials”) on roughly 100,000-year cycles for at least the last 1 million years. The last of these ice age glaciations peaked* around 20,000 years ago. Over the course of these cycles, global average temperatures warmed or cooled anywhere from 3° to perhaps as much as 8° Celsius (5°-15° Fahrenheit). It was partly through their attempts to understand what caused and ended previous ice ages that climate scientists came to understand the dominant role that carbon dioxide plays in Earth’s climate system, and the role it is playing in current global warming.
99 When most people think of planets, they think of large spheres of rock (like Earth), ice (like Neptune), or gas (like Jupiter) circling around a bright, warming star. That makes sense. Planets form from the material left over from when a star is born. Venus rotates in the opposite direction and takes 243 of our days to make one day light and darkness on Venus which is 18 days longer than one year there.
| Planet | Day Length |
| Mercury | 1,408 hours |
| Venus | 5,832 hours |
| Earth | 24 hours |
| Mars | 25 hours |
| Jupiter | 10 hours |
| Saturn | 11 hours |
| Uranus | 17 hours |
| Neptune | 16 hours |
100 Here is how long it takes each of the planets in our solar system to orbit around the Sun (in Earth days):
Mercury: 88 days
Venus: 225 days
Earth: 365 days
Mars: 687 days
Jupiter: 4,333 days
Saturn: 10,759 days
Uranus; 30,687 days
Neptune 60,190 days
Neptune day would be 165 Earth years
101 Pluto takes 248 Earth years to make one revolution around the sun. That means one year on Pluto is about 248 Earth years. Pluto takes 6 1/2 Earth days/nights to rotate, so one day on Pluto is about 6 1/2 days/nights on Earth which is 156 hours. If Pluto was tidal locked it would take 248 Earth years for one day.
Black Holes:
102 At some point that black hole became very active and released a lot of energy to promote the formation of stars. When more stars were created, the universe became bigger. As the black hole grew, a galaxy was growing around it at the same time. Most experts agree that the universe started as an infinitely hot and dense point called a singularity. Wait a minute. Isn’t that what people call black holes?
103 It is, in fact, and some physicists say they could be one and the same: The singularity in every black hole might give birth to a baby universe. Stellar black holes result from the collapse of massive stars, and some have suggested that supermassive black holes form out of the collapse of massive clouds of gas during the early stages of the formation of the galaxy. Black holes may provide a gravitational force that, in the words of Obi-Wan Kenobi, “binds the galaxy together”. Although not certain, it seems very likely that most (if not all) spiral galaxies contain a supermassive black hole and sometimes more than one.
104 Near a black hole, the slowing of time is extreme. From the viewpoint of an observer outside the black hole, time stops. For example, an object falling into the hole would appear frozen in time at the edge of the hole. “In all four cases, the black hole masses are 20 to 30 times larger than what one would have predicted from this relationship in the nearby universe,” says Carilli. “The simplest conclusion is that black holes come first, and somehow grow galaxies around them.” M33: A Galaxy with No Supermassive Black Hole.
105 There’s a limit to how much of the universe we can see. The observable universe is finite in that it hasn’t existed forever. It extends 46 billion light years in every direction from us. (While our universe is 13.8 billion years old, the observable universe reaches further since the universe is expanding). Since nothing can escape from the gravitational force of a black hole, it was long thought that black holes are impossible to destroy. But we now know that black holes actually evaporate, slowly returning their energy to the Universe.
106 A physicist presents a solution to present-day cosmic mysteries. At the center of spiral galaxy M81 is a supermassive black hole about 70 million times more massive than our sun. This tiny patch of sky was full of galaxies, almost 10,000, of all different sizes and shapes. By multiplying this number by the number of times this tiny patch of sky would fit into the entire sky, astronomers came up with an estimate of between about 100 and 200 billion galaxies.
107 Our galaxy, the Milky Way, is typical: it has hundreds of billions of stars, enough gas and dust to make billions more stars, and at least ten times as much dark matter as all the stars and gas put together. And it’s all held together by gravity. In the region of the Universe visible from Earth, there are perhaps 100 billion galaxies. Each one has about 100 million stellar-mass black holes. And somewhere out there, a new stellar-mass black hole is born in a supernova every second.
108 It is possible for two black holes to collide. Once they come so close that they cannot escape each other’s gravity, they will merge to become one bigger black hole.
Tide Locked Planets:
109 There are some planets that appear to not rotate, something astronomers refer to as tidal locking. These are worlds that show the same face to their star at all times, resulting in permanent night and day sides.
110 With Mercury, for example, this tidally locked planet completes three rotations for every two revolutions around the Sun, a 3:2 spin–orbit resonance.
111 On a tidally locked planet, one side is always facing a star while the other is cloaked in perpetual darkness. The dark side could be so cold that water and would-be atmospheric components (e.g., carbon dioxide, nitrogen, or methane) are frozen, certainly an inhospitable environment for life as we know it.
112 Its only source of warmth would be winds from the warmer half of the planet. If there was no heat transport from the hot side to the cold side then we could expect the temperatures to be below −100o C on the cold side, and more than 100° C on the hot side.
113 A tidally locked extrasolar planet with an atmosphere that allows for enough heat transport from the day side to the night side would perhaps have balmy enough temperatures for life to exist even if the sun never shines. So far, the existence of life outside Earth is of course completely hypothetical.
114 For a tidally locked planetthere is no day or night, only freezing darkness on one side and burning constant sunlight on the other. The terminator zone is bathed in constant twilight and would likely be the only place on the planet to be potentially hospitable.
115 For a tidally locked planet there are no seasonal variations. Its day is as long as its year. One side of the planet will always be in daylight and hot, the other in permanent darkness and cold. There will be a twilight zone between these two regions which might be a suitable place for life.
116 The effect arises between two bodies when their gravitational interaction slows a body’s rotation until it becomes tidally locked. Tidal forces within the planet are constantly pushing it towards the “locked” state, you need a massive input of energy to change that.
117 How can a solar system be destroyed?
Phillip E.
Nov 17, 2015
A solar system consists of one or more planets orbiting a star, it can be destroyed by all of the planets being broken up, ejected, pulled away or consumed.
Explanation:
The destruction of a solar system requires destroying or removing all of the planets orbiting the star.
The “death” of a star doesn’t necessarily mean the end of a solar system as the star remnant is usually still massive enough for planets to continue orbiting around.
If a planet gets too close to the star it can be broken up by gravitational tidal effects.
A planet can be ejected from a solar system if its orbit gets changed by proximity to the star, another planet, or another star into a hyperbolic orbit.
A passing star can also “steal” a planet by its gravitational pull.
Planets or even the star itself could be consumed by a black hole.
118 Imagine that our entire Solar System were the size of a quarter. The Sun is now a microscopic speck of dust, as are its planets, whose orbits are represented by the flat disc of the coin. On this scale, the diameter of our Milky Way galaxy will be about the size of the United States.
119 The latest data collected by NASA indicates that there are 3,916 solar systems within our Milky Way. This means there are 3,916 stars with planets orbiting them in our single galaxy. Also according to the latest data, there are 5,241 confirmed exoplanets, which are planets that exist outside our solar system.
120 The solar system is the smallest when it is compared with the size of a galaxy and the Universe. Most of the hundreds of billions of stars in our galaxy are thought to have planets of their own, and the Milky Way is but one of perhaps 100 billion galaxies in the Universe.
Interesting information and facts about Stephenson 2-18
121 Stephenson 2-18 star is so big that 10 billion Sun size star can enter inside of it.
It is one of the most luminous red supergiant star of the universe with a spectral type of M6. (red supergiant stars are large but usually have low luminosity).
The luminosity of the biggest star Stephenson 2-18 could be around 440,000 times of sun’s luminosity. Whereas the usual luminosity of any red supergiant star is around 30,000 to 50,000 times the sun’s luminosity. So this is totally unusual for this largest star. And for this unusual property, it exists at the top right corner of the Hertzsprung–Russell diagram for its M6 spectral type.
The photosphere or effective temperature of Stephenson 2-18 is around 3200 K. Because red supergiant stars are cool in nature.
The exact mass of the St2-18 is not known yet, but according to an estimation of scientists, it could be around 30 to 50 times the sun’s mass.
If we replace the Sun with the St2-18 Star, its photosphere would cross the planet Saturn.
If we replace it with our Sun it may swallow up every object of the solar systemincluding our all planets due to its larger size and gravity.
122 Stephenson 2-18 vs UY Scuti
UY Scuti is a red supergiant star and located in the same constellation Scutum. It used to be the biggest known star for many years. But according to recent measurements, it doesn’t come in the category of even the top 10 biggest stars.
Size and other comparisons between Stephenson 2-18 and UY Scuti -:
The estimated diameter of UY Scuti is around 1700 times the sun’s diameter. While according to data collected by few scientists, it is almost 800 times of sun’s diameter. Whereas the diameter of St2-18 is around 2150 times the sun’s diameter.
According to volume, 5 billion Suns can fit inside UY Scuti while 10 billion Suns can fit inside Stephenson 2-18 star.
123 How much older is the universe than our solar system; It’s been around for 13.8 billion years, give or take a few hundred million; That means the Universe is three times older than our Solar System. Astronomers think the Milky Way, is about 13.2 billion years old; almost as old as the Universe itself.
124 The Bible states that the new covenant will be forever, world without end and that the Earth will be forever. 125 The laws of thermodynamics, entropy seem to indicate that our universe will eventually reach a state of such disorder that it will end. 126 The universe had a beginning. 127 Doesn’t this mean that it will also end…?
128 There are a few out there who believe that the earth and universe will just keep going and going. 129 That’s really not hard for me to believe that the universe is here now and will continue while changing forever in a process according to God’s will.
130 I think the solar system we live in will probably be destroyed and get sucked into a super black hole; but the Earth will probably remerge somewhere else and continue in a new solar system. the Earth may have already gone through a process like this or similar to by being swept away by the Milky Way from another solar system. 131 I don’t see how the universe with entropy as a reality. 132 Our Milky Way galaxy is destined to collide with our closest large neighbour, the Andromeda galaxy, in about five billion years. Scientists can predict what’s going to happen. 133 The merger will totally alter the night sky over Earth but will likely leave the solar system unharmed, according to NASA. 134 The problem with the Christian Futurist view is that they think Jesus is going to come back and melt the whole universe with fire and create a new one.
135 Astronomers believe that most of the planets in our galaxy that have Earth-like temperatures are likely to be tidally locked. Because their orbital period is the same as their period of rotation, these planets will always present the same face to their sun—just as we always see the same side of the moon, as it orbits Earth.
136 In our own solar system, Pluto and its moon Charon (grey) have already become tidally locked to one another ― just as Earth and the Moon would someday sync up if given enough time. 137 For a tidally locked planet there is no day or night, only freezing darkness on one side and burning constant sunlight on the other. 138 The terminator zone is bathed in constant twilight and would likely be the only place on the planet to be potentially hospitable. 139 But what if we had perpetual daylight or constant night, all the time? As a matter of fact, a sizeable number of planets are precisely in this odd situation.
140 Will we find life in the next 20 years? Maybe. Maybe not. All we can say is that, as exoplanet discoveries point to billions, perhaps trillions of planets in our galaxy alone, the odds of answering this age-old question have never been better. Somewhere, perhaps in the twilight zone of a tidally locked planet, an astronomer is admiring the perennial sunset and wondering about this very same question.
141 Antarctica has just two seasons: summer and winter. Antarctica has six months of daylight in its summer and six months of darkness in its winter.
The seasons are caused by the tilt of Earth’s axis in relation to the sun. The direction of the tilt never changes. Therefore Antarctica only has one day a year which is a 5760 hour day, while the North pole has 179 days a year. That can only happen on a sphere.
142 Eventually the Earth could get sucked into a black hole and be molten down with other planets or stars, yet the earth will remain but in a new form. The Earth has over time taken on new forms, there are three plates that recycles the Earth moves every rock yet the Earth remain. Stars with magnetic energy can take planets from other solar systems and cast them into other ones, Stars can also melt planets into them when they get close enough, then the star might super nova and many new planets and stars might form out from that. Either of any of those ways the Earth may parish but will always remain by changing its form.
Romans 1:18 For the wrath of God is revealed from heaven against all ungodliness and unrighteousness of men, who suppress the truth in unrighteousness, 19 because what may be known of God is manifest in them, for God has shown it to them. 20 For since the creation of the world His invisible attributes are clearly seen, being understood by the things that are made, even His eternal power and Godhead, so that they are without excuse, 21 because, although they knew God, they did not glorify Him as God, nor were thankful, but became futile in their thoughts, and their foolish hearts were darkened. 22 Professing to be wise, they became fools,
Manifested Sons of God AD70 